it

The brief name of Information Technology, namely information industry
Basic concept and the scope point.
IT= the information technique of the information technology actually includes three layers:The first floor is a hardware, main index number according to saving, processing with deliver of host and network correspond by letter an equipments;The second floor means software, include can use to collect, saving, index, analysis, application, valuation information of various software, it include we usually point of ERP(business enterprise resources plan), CRM(customer relation management), SCM(supply chain management) etc. the company use management software and also include to use to WF(the work flow) of strengthen the process management a management software, lend support to analytical DW/DM(data warehouse and data scoop out) software...etc.;The third mean application, point a collection, saving, index, analysis, application, the valuation use various information, include application ERP, CRM, SCM etc. software to directly lend support to decision and also include to make use of the analysis model of the other decision or ask for help of DW/DM etc. technique means come further raise analytical quality, lend support to a decision maker to make decision.(emphasize 1:00, just assistance but don't be to act for a person decision)Some people comprehend of the IT match two of ex-2 Fs to a, all information of saving, processing and deliver, the latter then is the application of information;Also someone empress the 2 F match two is a, then divide the line for hard soft ago behind.Usually the third haven't got an enough value, but in fact is only be the information get effectively applied hour IT of the value then can get well exertive, also just real carried out an information-based target.Information-based oneself isn't a target, it just at current the ages background be next to carry out a better kind of the target means.
What does Carl's IT mean?In that article he have no definitely put forward, however he speaks of the core function-data of information technique saving, processing with deliver.The logic reasonned logically from him to see, namely pushed to come over from the infrastructure constructions, such as steam engine, railroad, telegram telephone and electric power...etc. of, also used the substantial evidence host of the laws of Mo Er and the development of fiber optic.If he now beat, set out just from this, his logic argument is very careful, behind to 《the IT be no longer important 》announce to ignore support and oppose commentary of the person be all basic approbations in this tops of(in addition to those hardware and network manufacturer), the writer also approves this.The whole article inside he to the IT infrastructure that the thing turn construction part concern a lot of, basic have no concern application level.But behind when he speaks popularize trend, and then speak of "the information technique easiest makes duplicate", then and pushed the IT to business software, here have already exceeded"dangerous" of one step.At 2004 his publication together book openned an article to define his research, type ratio come over of IT, "I use of' IT' mean meaning usually up of, namely all is use come with numerical form saving, handle and deliver hardware and software of information, specially emphasize of BE, I am to point a technique, I point of' IT' don't include in the technique flow of information and those use technical talented person's technical ability", so the IT point by him means ex-2 F.If this this live, probably still will not too greatly dispute.(this time in addition last those suffered software manufacturer)Objectively analytical the characteristic of software, really don't have four judgment of core competencies 3 within standard namely:Sparse lack sex, not easy replication, not easy act for sex, Carl has never also denied and been emphasize that the IT has the fourth judgment of core competencies standard, then have value.But he is again it happened that to settle a topic"the IT be no longer important", several desire kill the whole IT a stick!
Regrettable he this all reads aloud in the IT up is usually ambiguous not pure:In a short while point a host network, in a short while run to software again, in he afterwards the publication of the book even usually"a carelessly" exceeded the third, completely disobeyed him at the IT scope definition by book beginning, such as discuss the information technical application, send out to the CIO of the Jie ask etc..The editor which has a lot of readers and includes a Harvard Business Review pointed out this at that time.The behind other many peoples also attackstone him because of this, even someone say that Carl's ising simply doesn't understand IT, is probably true, because he after all original don't be to do IT.This also makes the person of research to also give very big apocalypse and Jing to come to for us and doesn't really acquaint with to oneself of the realm set studies with other methods want specially and carefully, otherwise make a lot of jokes.
Here the writer want to emphasize 1:00, usually have software the manufacturer(at home and abroad and all have) to enounce ascend information-based ability how how, can strengthen business enterprise core competencies.(anyway and mostly spread now what heel what, "accompany with hour into")Don't know that they are to have intention to or have no intention of, and don't predict according to four standards of core competencies judgment, try to counter-question a few simple problems:If ascend information-based how ability is and have how much ascend has the information-based business enterprise already evenned loss in business to close down?Particularly being those softwares business enterprises which enounce that having more than 100,000 customers uses their software should ask himself/herself.If ascend information-based how ability is, so we suppose to store in warehouse, database, sale, stock's etc.'s all of the informations be accurate, ability automatic exaltation sale, decline low inventory?If say that before ascending is information-based, boss probably can also because of can't see but careless but happily lead make a living, so now?Just painfully know to have so many stock foolish in the warehouse thus long of time, so many merchandise with long hours occupy a counter but didn't bring any sale sum don't even say profits!Analysis once software the manufacturers publicizee the phenomenon of"the information technique be the core competencies of the business enterprise" and the conclusion onlies have 2:Want Yao, these business enterprises don't understand what is what core competencies( I think should most still understand, since hope they understand and hope they don't understand, hope result is understand is because the software business enterprise can also understand some management principles at least but not is be devoted to one pure technique company, hope result is don't understand is because of this can be little is attackstone by the other people to have no occupation morals, don't know is not lead), the Yao has another diagram.The of general business enterprise customer and IT business enterprise exists serious information dissymmetry a problem.The Bo Yi of of IT business enterprise and business enterprise customer, the result of end be usually an optimization to choose, namely so-called"lemon effect".On this, IT business enterprise and employee want to raise the occupation personal integrity of oneself, besides which, ， government or profession have to strengthen to trains information-based construction education, raise business enterprise's understanding for information-based construction, usher in management to consult with company, superintendency company...etc. to change this final outcome of Bo Yi to attain new balance and promote the IT industry more healthy development.
The information technique is just a tool, elephant one the handle benefit be sword or a good pen, buying it also can't must promise that your fighting skill promote how much, the word write beautiful how much, also need you to constantly practice how to practise fencing, how write, the information-based construction also needs the ability that you constantly promote to make use of an information and this be the real core is also the most difficult place.The all of effort is outside!Information-based(the numeral turn) purpose is not last the system take several piece words, it is just foundation, its core "turn"s a word in 1, various resources related information the whole allocation which put together juniors to go "rationalization", "excellent turn".Like lend support to do sales forecasting with the history information, buy plan, produce plan, go together with to send plan, stock plan, and according to under these plans reach instruction combine according to actual circulate the circumstance roll over to revise a plan.The United States admire Lin2 Dun4(Joseph Harrington) the Doctor put forward of the calculator integration manufacturing(the Manufacturing of the Computer Integrated, CIM) include two basic standpoints:While being each link that the business enterprise produce include market analysis, product design, process a manufacturing and conduct management and after-sales service's etc. is an indivisibility of whole, have to be close connect with each other, unify consideration;Two is the whole operation process substantially is one piece according to of collect, deliver and process processing process, the end product can see make the material performance which is a data.If ascended information system but need not it to lend support to decision, be still according to original operation method operation, the function of information system then may just be limited by some works of relieve some postses, such as statistics statement etc., and will also increase moreover some works of posts in the meantime.A great deal of experience express that if the system collections of need not information come up of data, carry out to use to lend support to make policy of accurate, in time, the information root of integrity be impossible, information system's only using it just may gradually raise its accuracy, in time sex and integrity.According to core competencies of evaluation standard, construct core competencies, essentially only integrate ability be, and more and outside show of the ability be more easy drive mimicry.Iceberg dime, the Lou is in the outside of more little more not easy drive mimicry, more can constitute core competencies.
Edit Hal Varian(the University of California elder brother of one's father gram benefit cent the school information management and system department chairman) to point out for the elephant Harvard Business Review of so:"Carl says that the IT is no longer commercialize and provides competitive advantage, this he is right.But know how to effectively use IT still a kind of very sparse technical ability lack.""What to provide competitive advantage isn't an IT, but those persons who know how to effectively make use of it.""The company is in spending thousands money to save and obtain customer to trade a data in the data, but a lot of datas lie where, without process analysis and used, but, have in those trainings vegetable of analytical personnel's hand top the data of the same can produce huge repay!"This is one piece according to abundant ages, but is a knowledge in the meantime needy of ages!
The information system management of the tube college of science of the University of Boston learns a professor to give Ma3 Si ·H.Reach the text wave wants the pair of"past 40 years, more tangibly describe for' data ages', not' information ages'" especially, "convert the data as a certain and more useful thing, need a nice bit of manpower devotion and intelligence, but most organizations treat this problem just from the technical angle.Own a database or data scoops out system, with own other techniqueses similar, is necessary, but for information and knowledge but speech of high quality, then not enough of".
So we have the basic concepts which usually confuse of the definitely once some necessity here.
Data(Data)=factual record, as above quarter degree A series product at the Hua east region sale sum is 1,200,000.
Information=(Information)=data+ meaning, as above quarter degree sale sum in the east region of the A series product Hua reduced 25% than the last year same period.
Intelligence(Intelligence)=information+comprehension(understanding) with reason logically(reasoning), such as analysis the reason is a Hua east region sale the unit don't go, or the A series product got into a decline a period, be still that the company whole marketing activity fall behind, does the strong dint promotion of competitor cause?Or other reason.
Knowledge(Knowledge)=problem-solving technical ability(skill), what is the strategy which to this problem company replies ?
Intelligence(Wisdom)=the choice(Selection) of knowledge reply of the activity project may have a variety, but(strategy) choice which*intelligence.The activity then produces a new bargain data again.
Of the data, information, intelligence, knowledge, intelligence, activity and management activity existence have another heavy circulation relation.
Same of the upscale car of superhighway, same, person's dissimilarity for drive will open a totally different level, at this time more decisive factor-drive of the skill seem to be to the pass importance.At the entry-level stage, the competition is thicker to put, probably mainly is see who can make allies a way, buy a good car.Arrive a behind, the everyone hardware infrastructure about competes gradually white-knuckle, the person's function brought into relief this time and only have a good way the good car still doesn't go, still have to have comfortable Mach thus of the top-class contestant then can win a game.Business enterprise management with race car still a little bit different, race car someone to draw up rule, provision can run a similar way, the competition of of business enterprise is eight fairies each show magical power over the sea, rich of can buy an upscale server, small scaled machine, impecunious can buy a PC server;Rich of can take with the fiber-optic breadth, impecunious can use ADSL to even stir number;Richly can spend several ten millions to buy SAP, Oracle, impecunious can use gold Die and use friend, even only some basic functions of small of enter to sell to save or finance software;Richly can please five greatly help their strategy of the trend which draws up to match future and carry on a training, impecunious can*entrepreneur oneself touch rock over the river ……really, this be a not that fair competition.But the network economy came, the words which use Carl say, be an IT technique have already become"popularize", have already become a merchandise.The emergence of the much less ASP mode, will biggest lower the business enterprise information-based threshold, the threshold of expensive server, network, software expenses is a while lowered.Compare to although you have a private treasure horse and speed, can arrive the place that you want very soon.But my can also sit rent car about can also carry out same effect, again within an ace of I have bus, subway, as long as very low cost also ability basic carry out my target.But same of the breadth take, equally a set of system software, but the person of usage be similar, the effect be completely different, the gentleman disappears to similarly use SAP, Oracle perhaps gold Die and use friend and have very successful of, also have to fail very much?Or that sentence, the effort is outside poem!The IT is the abbreviation of Information Technology, mean "information technique" and include the technique of information realms, such as modern calculator, network and communication...etc..IT widespread application get into the information social marking.The different person and different in the book has dissimilarity explanation to this.But 1 basically everyones agree of standpoint BE, the IT has the following three the parts constitute:
-Spreading a feeling technique this is sensory apparatus of person of extension with expand, the most obvious example is a bar code reading machine;-Corresponding by letter a technique this is the extension of the person's nervous system with expand, undertake function of deliver the information;-Calculator technique this be the person's brain function extension with expand, undertake to carry on processed function to the information.
Reforming other industries and profession with the information technique is so-called and information-based and raise the performance of business enterprise thus.The information technique undertook a role which gets dint tool in this process. Conveniently say 1 whats is meant by IT industry and have a mostly of classification, can provide everyone with the reference:
The IT foundation technically provides an IC development, software to write such as the INTEL, MS etc.The IT technique product turns a dollar spare part, parts, module manufacturing such as the elite, the public...etc.The IT product integration turns a calculator and outside establishes manufactory like association of thought, IBMThe IT product systematizes a solution, information system,such as Hua, is, HPThe IT product circulates an outlet, sale figures such as the absolute being stateThe IT product service consultation serve and after-sales service such as blue express trainThe IT industry public opinion supports IT medium such as the CCW, CCIDIT industry the third square serve various service which need a kit such as the law consultation, PR serviceThe IT spare personnel develops various college such as the calculator professionThe IT industry cooperation organizes various association and hold a meeting
The whole period of integrated test system the ground include software to receive a test, carry to carry a test, TV screen to synthesize a test, system a test, customer acceptance test, much exercise item comprehensive test and technique practice an etc..Its purpose is insure each IT system to have need of function and credibility is thus and successfully 2008 Olympic game in Peking service.